Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)
What Does Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) Mean?
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is an advanced laboratory procedure used in conjunction with in vitro fertilization (IVF) to analyze the genetic makeup of embryos before implantation. This testing helps identify embryos with normal chromosomal structures, improving the chances of a healthy pregnancy and reducing the risk of genetic disorders.
PGT involves removing a few cells from the embryo at the blastocyst stage for genetic analysis. It is commonly used to screen for chromosomal abnormalities (PGT-A), single-gene disorders (PGT-M), or structural rearrangements (PGT-SR). The testing ensures only healthy embryos are selected for transfer into the uterus.
PGT is particularly beneficial for individuals with a history of recurrent miscarriages, advanced maternal age, known genetic conditions, or previous IVF failures. By providing valuable insights into embryo viability, PGT increases the likelihood of a successful pregnancy and a healthy baby.
The Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) Process
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a precise process used in IVF to analyze the genetic health of embryos.
Here’s how it works:
1: Embryo Development
After fertilization in the lab, embryos are cultured for 5 to 6 days until they reach the blastocyst stage, where testing is possible without harming development.
2: Biopsy
A few cells are carefully removed from the outer layer of the embryo (the trophectoderm), which later forms the placenta. The embryo remains intact and continues to develop normally.
3: Genetic Analysis
The biopsied cells are sent to a specialized lab for genetic testing to identify chromosomal abnormalities (PGT-A), single-gene disorders (PGT-M), or structural rearrangements (PGT-SR).
4: Embryo Selection
Based on the results, embryos without genetic issues are selected for transfer, maximizing the chances of a healthy pregnancy.
5: Embryo Transfer
The chosen embryo is then transferred into the uterus, or frozen for future use.
PGT enhances IVF success rates while reducing the risk of genetic disorders and implantation failure.